Difference Between Enduring State and Failed State

                                                  Failed States

Melisa Urul 139621007

The state is the mechanism that people need to live together. There are policies that states must follow and things they must do so that they do not collapse. States which fail to do this will eventually fail. They either have to come under the protection of another state or are damaged in a way that is difficult to reconstruct. There are many contrasts between the successful state and the failed state. In successful states, the legal system functions properly, citizens can enjoy public services as they wish, and the state has a monopoly of legitimate use of force over its territory; in failed states these are the opposite. 

One of the contradictions is the way the legal system works. If the law does not work according to the laws in a state, problems will arise in that country.Many states are governed by certain rules of law. Decisions taken in courts are made according to these rules of law. For instance, when someone steals, they are punished accordingly, or they know the penalty before committing the crime and act accordingly. This is not the case in states where the law is no longer valid. Criminals are not given the punishment that should be given, or even if given, they will not stay in prison for as long as they serve. In some failed states, the legal system does not work the same for everyone, a certain part of the society is treated with privilege and there is no such thing as the rule of law in that state. It is very important that the rules of law are applied equally for everyone in the society and that the society is managed according to the rules of law. Otherwise, there will be no peace and order in the society. In some of the failed states, if the laws are not as they should be, corruption is easily done. Individuals at the top of the state rule the country as they wish and there is no such thing as legal rules in the country, but in successful states this is not allowed. Statesmen cannot look after their own interests because the laws do not allow this. Decisions made in successful states are punished according to the law, there is no deterioration in the state order. Most importantly, everyone is equal before the law. 

The second of the contradictions is that public services such as education, health and housing, which are some of the basic rights of citizens, are not met equally and fully..Successful states enable their citizens to access the above-mentioned fundamental rights, and pave the way for these rights by making agreements with the necessary institutions. For example, when a sick citizen wants to be examined, she is examined equally like other citizens, and the medicine she/he needs for her recovery are provided by the state by paying contributions. Children who are the future of the country are provided with equal opportunities in education. A parent who wants to send their child to school can deliver their child to a state educational institution without any question marks in mind because he/she knows that in successful states, education is provided equally to every child regardless of gender, race or financial situation.  Citizens who are poor in the field of health cannot receive adequate service, and in this case, they become victims. Children cannot receive the education they need in the field of education, and they fall behind their peers who have this opportunity.The situation in unsuccessful states is the opposite. In successful states, the disruptions in public services are very few or absent, but such disruptions are often seen in failed states. 

Finally, in order for a state to be counted as a failed state, it must be devoid of features such as being able to have a say over its own borders, using its decision authority, and taking measures against internal and external threats. Today, when we look at the states that have lost the above-mentioned features, we see that they came under the domination of other states, lost their independence, and finally became a piece of land left to their own fate. In addition to the authority of the state, the army, which is one of the elements that ensure the legitimacy of the state, must also be effective, adequate and equipped. For example, in Lebanon, which does not have the features we have mentioned, internal turmoil has occurred and state sovereignty has come to an end in the following processes. It has provided assistance to multidimensional international terrorist organizations such as training and financial support, and finally, it has become the protective home of these terrorist organizations. (Güdül, 2015) 

As a result, it is possible for a state to fail, states are not eternal, which becomes more common when the modern state's construction process is added to it. In order for a state to survive in today's world order, it must have the status of a modern state and adapt to the conditions required by it. The states that we describe as failed states, unfortunately, could not be dissolved in this order and became failed states with the influence of other states. In these states, the law has no longer been able to function properly, citizens have difficulty in benefiting from public services, and most importantly, the state is no longer able to protect its own lands. While order works as it should be in successful states, failures and deficiencies are seen in many areas in failed states. 

References  

Güdül (Serpil), Bir Başarısız Devlet Örneği Olarak Lübnan,Atatürk Kültür,Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu,2015.

Martin(Bradley), Weak and Failing States and National Security,Angelo State University,2012.

Bingöl(Oktay),Başarısız Devletler,Kavramlar,Nedenler ve Sonuçlar,Ankara,Barış Yayınları,2016.

Yılmaz(Sait),Başarısız Devlet,Political Science,2019.

Demirel(Naim),Uluslararası Hukukta Başarısız Devlet,Fatih Sultan Mehmet Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi,2014.